![]() Modelled land surface temperature profiles for each of these UMTs are presented. In total, 35 detailed UMT classes were identified for Addis Ababa and 43 for Dar es Salaam. It then presents the data and methods used to understand provision of temperature regulation services across the two cities. This paper outlines the concept of UMTs and how they were applied to two African case study cities: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. UMTs have been used for assessing regulating ecosystem services in European cities but little similar knowledge is available in an African context. For example, they support the assessment of urban temperature patterns and the temperature regulation services provided by urban green structures. When mapped, UMT units provide biophysically relevant meso-scale geographical zones which can be used as the basis for understanding climate-related impacts and adaptations. Differing characteristics of urban areas can be conceptualised and subsequently mapped through the idea of urban morphology types (UMTs) – classifications which combine facets of urban form and function. The methodology presented here is potentially useful for strategic urban planning in relation to climate change adaptation and for green infrastructure planning in particular.read more read lessĪbstract: Urban green infrastructure provides important regulating ecosystem services, such as temperature and flood regulation, and thus, has the potential to increase the resilience of African cities to climate change. This will include private gardens and street trees which are often not represented by traditional mapping approaches. It is within this category, which represents the urban matrix, that 32% of all the evapotranspiring (i.e. The results show that residential areas cover almost half of the ‘urbanised’ area of Greater Manchester, with medium density residential accounting for 37%. This paper presents such a characterisation for Greater Manchester which uses urban morphology type mapping and surface cover analysis. Landscape planning needs to protect urban ecosystem services and to enable this, an urban characterisation which is meaningful for these properties is useful. Examples include an altered energy exchange and hydrology which contribute to the urban heat island and an enhanced surface runoff due, in part, to an altered surface cover, with more built and fewer vegetated surfaces. The implications for an adaptation strategy to climate change in the urban environment are discussed.read more read lessĪbstract: Urban areas are faced with distinctive, or ‘systemic’, issues arising from their unique social, environmental and economic characteristics. The paper presents output from energy exchange and hydrological models showing surface temperature and surface runoff in relation to the green infrastructure under current and future climate scenarios. It uses the conurbation of Greater Manchester as a case study site. the greenspace network, of a city can play in adapting for climate change. ![]() This paper explores the important role that the green infrastructure, i.e. Climate change will amplify these distinctive features. For example less vegetated surfaces lead to a decrease in evaporative cooling, whilst an increase in surface sealing results in increased surface runoff. Such changes are, in part, a result of the altered surface cover of the urban area. These include an altered energy exchange creating an urban heat island, and changes to hydrology such as increased surface runoff of rainwater. Abstract: The urban environment has distinctive biophysical features in relation to surrounding rural areas. ![]()
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